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The great 'city of the dead' of ancient Thebes — a vast necropolis of royal valleys, mortuary temples, and the painted tombs of nobles and the very artisans who built them.«مدينة الموتى» العظيمة لطيبة القديمة — جبّانةٌ شاسعة من الوديان الملكية والمعابد الجنائزية والمقابر الملوّنة للنبلاء وللصنّاع أنفسهم الذين بنوها.
Across the Nile from Luxor city lies one of the richest archaeological landscapes on Earth: the West Bank, the necropolis of ancient Thebes. For the ancient Egyptians, the west — where the sun set — was the realm of the dead, and here, over many centuries, they created a vast city of tombs and temples. Royal valleys, towering mortuary temples, and the painted tombs of nobles and workers are scattered across the desert hills, an open-air museum of the afterlife.
عبر النيل من مدينة الأقصر يقع أحد أغنى المناطق الأثرية على الأرض: الضفّة الغربية، جبّانة طيبة القديمة. فعند قدماء المصريين، كان الغرب — حيث تغرب الشمس — عالم الموتى، وهنا، عبر قرونٍ كثيرة، أنشأوا مدينةً شاسعة من المقابر والمعابد. وتنتشر الوديان الملكية والمعابد الجنائزية الشامخة والمقابر الملوّنة للنبلاء والعمّال عبر تلال الصحراء، متحفًا مفتوحًا للآخرة.
The City of the Dead · مدينة الموتى
Thebes’ realm of the afterlife.عالم الآخرة في طيبة.
To the ancient Egyptians, the west bank of the Nile — the side of the setting sun — was sacred to the dead and the afterlife. So while the living city and its great temples stood on the east bank, the kings and people of Thebes built their tombs and funerary temples across the river. The result is the Theban necropolis: an enormous concentration of monuments spread across desert valleys and the edge of the cultivation, forming one of the world's greatest archaeological zones.
Royal Valleys & Temples · الوديان الملكية والمعابد
Kings, queens, and gods.ملوكٌ وملكاتٌ وآلهة.
The West Bank holds the most famous sites in Luxor: the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens, where pharaohs and royals were buried; the magnificent terraced Temple of Hatshepsut; the superbly preserved temple of Medinet Habu; the ruined Ramesseum of Ramesses II; and the towering Colossi of Memnon. Together they make the West Bank an unmissable highlight of any visit to Egypt.
Tombs of the Nobles & Deir el-Medina · مقابر النبلاء ودير المدينة
The people behind the monuments.الناس وراء الآثار.
Beyond the royal monuments lie quieter treasures. The colourful Tombs of the Nobles belonged to officials and priests, and their lively paintings of daily life — farming, feasting, hunting — are often more vivid and human than the royal tombs. Nearby, Deir el-Medina was the village of the very artisans who built and decorated the royal tombs; their own small tombs are exquisitely painted. These sites offer an intimate, moving glimpse into the lives of ordinary ancient Egyptians.
Quick Facts · حقائق سريعة
Sources include standard Egyptology references. Some details are approximate.